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Review of Studies on Modernisation Projects
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10.1. Review of Studies on Modernisation Projects
Based on studies and feedback provided by KVK, there are four main sources of information on potential projects for the BWTP.
“Feasibility Study for the Renewal and Modernization of the Kyiv Vodokanal.” COWI in association with Severn Trent Water International and OKO United Consultants, Jan. 2001.
“Study for a Party Renewal and Modernization of the Bortnicheskaya WWTP and increase in treatment performance and Energy Saving.” Nicholas Heinen Der Aarsleff A/S (NHPA).
Feedback on Planned Projects, provided by KVK staff (V.O. Yakolev, External Relations Department) to SNC-Lavalin’s site visit questionnaire (Dec. 2003)
“Dnieper River Basin Strategic Action Plan – Phase 1, Hot Spot Identification.” Chapter 10, prepared by Mr. Yuri Andreichenko, National Expert on Economic Issues, 2003.
While the estimates and benefits vary among these sources, there are many consistencies in the course of, and priority of actions to be undertaken. The following is a brief review of each of the programs identified by each source.
COWI Feasibility Study:
As previously identified, the Danish EPA funded feasibility identified thirteen (13) projects that apply directly to the BWTP. These projects are summarized in Table 10.1.1 with their associated identified benefits. Base of information obtained, no specific reductions in pollution parameters or energy savings were identified. At the time of publication the total required investment in these projects was $10.7 million USD. These are based costs an assumed to include capital and labour and all associated construction elements. While an additional 30% in project contingencies – 5% for physical, 10% for price and 15% for financing cost during implementation – the final cost estimate for these projects would be $13.91 million USD.
For the two projects identified that would have a direct environmental benefit to the Dnieper Basin – WWT-11a and WWT-7A – would cost $2.635 million USD with 30% contingency, the investment would be $3.425 million USD.
Of note, in reviewing the financial analysis, the overall deduction proposed is to bring the operating ration down from 0.83 to 0.6 by 2002. With the proposed investment, it is anticipated that there would be a peak return on assets of 14%. In assuming debt, the debt ratio will increase but based on revitalized revenue generation, would be zero by 2020.
Table 10.1.1. Summary of Prioritized Mitigation Measures
|
DEPA Project No. |
Project Description |
Identified Benefits |
Investment in USD (‘000s) |
|
WWT-14 |
Monitoring equipment |
- Better awareness of actual process conditions and performance that can be used to better treatment efficiency and process optimization. - Reduction of aeration in the process tank and associated reduction in power consumption. - Labour Savings |
$140 |
|
WWT-19 |
Grit chambers (Lines 2 & 3) |
- More reliable and efficient treatment of wastewater. - Resulting significant savings on repairs and maintenance, particularly with respect to cleaning the digesters and aeration tanks. |
$280 |
|
WWT-1A |
Screens, Phase 1 (Line 1) |
- Increased performance of down-stream treatment processes and decreased wear on down-stream equipment. - Installation of fine screens will improve the quality of sludge generated. - Minimization of worker hazard. |
$275 |
|
WWT-13 |
Sludge digesters Nos. 1-4 |
- Digesters would have more reliable operations, lower repair and maintenance costs. - Increased production of biological gas - reducing the cost of purchasing natural gas needed for heating. - Sludge would be more effectively stabilized. |
$1,000 |
|
WWT-18 |
Sludge dewatering |
- Eliminates rejection of sludge water - treatment will reduce operation costs, including electrical usage, as well as repair and maintenance of the pump equipment and pipelines associated with the reject sludge water. - Savings on the polymers could be as much as $1.5 million USD/year |
$1,000 |
|
WWT-26B |
Sludge disposal, Phase 1 |
- Cost of the disposal of the settled sludge as well as the repair of sludge lagoon’s foundations and drainage systems can be significant. |
$3,500 |
|
WWT-21 |
Return sludge pumps for Line 1 |
- Anticipated more efficient operation of the aeration tanks of Line 1, and improving the operational efficiency of the entire line. - Energy consumption, repairs and maintenance cost would be reduced and the number of breakdowns and emergency situations decreased. |
$160 |
|
WWT-4A |
Primary clarifiers of Line 1, Phase 1 |
- Improved efficiency of primary sludge removal - Reduced load to the aeration tanks and secondary clarifiers (improving overall treatment efficiency) - Reduced number of equipment breakdowns, operational and maintenance costs. |
$950 |
|
WWT-11A |
Secondary clarifiers of Line 1, Phase 1 |
- Increased efficiency (reduce suspended solids in the effluent, increased sludge concentration in the aeration tanks and generally improve the overall efficiency of biological treatment) - Reduced number of equipment breakdowns, operational and maintenance costs |
$975 |
|
WWT-20 |
Sludge thickeners |
- Decreased operation costs by reducing energy consumption for sludge pumping - Improved efficiency of the digester system that will result in an increase of gas production - Decreased quantity of sludge generated, thus reducing the load on the sludge lagoons that would result in an improvement of the quality (suspended solids) of the reject water from the lagoons |
$450 |
|
WWT-7A |
Aeration tanks of Line 1, Phase 1 |
- Reduced costs associated with energy consumption, repair and maintenance. - Overall treatment performance would be improved including achieving stable nitrification. - Improved biological treatment by increasing the efficiency of oxygen transfer in the aeration tanks. |
$1,660 |
|
WWT-3A |
Grit chambers of Line 1, Phase 1 |
- Should ensure the optimal rate for sand removal, resulting in improved performance of downstream systems. |
$110 |
|
WWT-25 |
Gas storage tank |
- Digester gas utilization would be more reliable and efficient in the boilers. - Reduced need for supplementing the digester gas with purchased natural gas - Reduction in biological gas emissions released to the environment. |
$200 |
|
TOTAL VALUE OF PROJECTS |
$10,700.00 |
||
Note 1: The rank number was designated based on 40 prioritized subprojects of the proposed immediate investment program (IIP). Reference 1, Page 11.
Icolas Heinen Per Aarsleff A/S Study (Draft)
While less comprehensive than the Danish EPA study, the focus of this draft study was exclusively on the WWTP. These projects are summarized in Table 10.1.2. Cost identify include capital (identified as “Mechanical” and “Electrical” and “Equipment”) and civil work. The latter is assumed to include all construction and labour in project implementation. To implement all the identified projects would require approximately $23 million USD. No contingency costs were identified.
A range of benefits were identified for selected projects – from removal of refuse by screen to reductions in BOD5, suspended solids and energy savings from the installation of blowers in the aeration tanks. The report also explicitly identified environmental impacts after reconstruction (40% capacity) below. It is assumed that this is a total impact based on the implementation of all identified projects. And based on the optimization of one line being able to treat 40% of the actual load and based on annual flow of 473.9 million m3.
|
Environmental Impact |
Benefit |
|
Water Treatment |
- Suspended Solids – average concentration will be probably maximum 10mg/L. - BOD5 - average concentration in the outlet will be at least as the actual level. - Nitrogen: will fulfill EU standards – max 10 mg/1 (about 7.0 tonnes /day). - Phosphorus – will follow EU standards – 1.5mg/L (about 4.0 tonnes/day for 40% of total load) |
|
Energy Savings |
- Actual energy consumption of the plant is 170.02 million KWh/yr of which 60-65% is used in the aeration tanks. This translates to 106.26 million KWh/yr. 40% of the total load aeration for identified load is 42.5 KWh/yr. Based on new blowers and mixers for Bio – P, the new consumption will be 23.355 KWh/yr – a savings of 19.0 million KWh/yr. (11.2% of all existing energy usage. |
|
CO2 Emissions |
- Based on reduced energy usage – 9,738 tonnes/year of CO2 based on electricity production of natural gas, or 16,245 tonnes/yr reduction based on electricity produced from coal. |
The study included estimates of how investments in these projects will influence wastewater prices (on a m3 basis). Based on 1999 tariffs, the net cost of investment (i.e. investment + interest – energy savings) would result in a 25% increase in tariffs.
Table 10.1.2. Renewal & Modernization of Bortnicheskaya WTP (prepared by Nicolas Heinen Per Aarsleff A/S)
|
Project # |
Project Description |
Identified Benefits |
Investment in USD* (‘000s) |
|
NHPA-1 |
Screens – Install 6 mm screen in inlet to remove maximum quantity of refuse before primary settling and biological treatment. |
- Reduction in solid & larger waste items entering into treatment cycle - Line 1: Removal of 0.2 kg/m3 (5.6 tonnes per hour) – comprised of 35% dry matter. - Note: Investment is necessary for Line 1, and suitable for Lines 2 & 3. |
$1,118.7 (Euro 450,000 capital + Euro 400,000 civil work) |
|
NHPA-2 |
Grit & Grease Removal: Correct grit removal in order to avoid an accumulation in the digesters + remove grease to avoid floating grease in primary settling |
- Reduction in grit and grease in digesters and settling tanks |
$1,801.7 (Euro 610,000 capital + Euro 920,000 civil work) |
|
NHPA-3 |
Primary Settling Tanks – Re-use 8 primary settling tanks. |
- Load reduction in primary settling (reduction – tones/year): - Suspended Solids - 50% (24,914 tonnes/year); - BOD5 – 24% (8,285 tonnes/year); - Nitrates – 1.5% (58.44 tonnes/year); - Phosphates – 1.5% (25.9 tonnes/year). |
$2,386.9 (Euro 1,050,000 capital + Euro 977,000 civil work) |
|
NHPA-4 |
Bio-P (Sludge Thickening): Modification of the return sludge and installation of mixers. |
- Anticipated: - Decreased operation costs by reducing energy consumption for sludge pumping - Improved efficiency of the digester system that will result in an increase of gas production - Note: Sludge production to ensure nitrification - 69.416 tonnes/day; Sludge to assure denitrification – 23.9 tonnes/day |
$671.2 (Euro 420,000 capital + Euro 150,000 civil work) |
|
NHPA-5 |
Aeration Tanks – Install 4 energy efficient blowers of 1000 kW (air flow 50,000 m3/h) |
- Existing blowers on Lines 2 and 3 effect 1,250 kW. - New blowers will save 20% energy cost. |
$6,441.3 (Euro 4,290,000 capital + Euro 1,180,000 civil work) |
|
NHPA-6 |
Final Clarifiers – Reuse and Installation of Final Clarifiers. Costs include upgrades of return and excess sludge pumping station. |
- Anticipate: - Increased efficiency (reduce suspended solids in the effluent, increased sludge concentration in the aeration tanks and generally improve the overall efficiency of biological treatment) - Reduced number of equipment breakdowns, operational and maintenance costs |
$5,375.6 (Euro 1,910,000 capital + Euro 2,655,000 civil work) |
|
NHPA-7 |
Sludge Treatment: Upgrade primary digesters – Renew Pre-concentration digesters + Dewatering |
- Opportunities to produce biogas - Reduction of 9,966 tonnes/year of sludge after digestion. - Reduces wear and improves efficiency of downstream treatments. |
$2,084.3 (Euro 1,450,000 capital + Euro 320,000 civil work) |
|
NHPA-8 |
Secondary Sludge Treatment |
- As noted: “The final destination of sludge is an urgent priority because the decision is conditioning new investments for sludge treatment.” - Yield of investment will dewater 22,006 tonnes of sludge to 20% dry substance – thus, reducing wear and improving efficiency of downstream treatments. |
$3,116.6 (Euro 2,166,667 capital + Euro 480,000 civil work) |
|
TOTAL VALUE OF PROJECTS |
$22,996.3 |
||
KVK Staff Feedback
Prior to the Oct. 2003 site visit, KVK staff received a questionnaire requesting any information on planned projects. Feedback from these projects is summarized in table 10.1.3. Based on the information obtained, it is assumed all costs include capital and civil works. The program identified eight (8) projects for the BWTP valued at just under $100 million USD. No contingencies have been identified.
It is noted that the “Upgrade of the 1st Unit of the BWTP” is a substantial project – over $61 million USD. It is felt, based on the review of all documents, that a number of projects are grouped under the umbrella of this single project (including clarifiers). Unfortunately, no breakdowns in project elements were received.
Detailed benefits were identified for three of the four largest projects, and included:
- Substantial declines in four main polluting parameters – Ammonium nitrogen, Nitrates, Nitrites and phosphates.
- Energy Savings
- Reduction in discharge fumes
- More efficient use of biogas for sludge treatment and power generation.
It is anticipated that projects identified and associated costs were based on the previous two studies and staff-developed engineering estimates.
Table 10.1.3. Planned Projects Identified by KVK Staff
|
Project # |
Project Description |
Identified Benefits |
Investment in USD (‘000s) |
|
KVK-1 |
Upgrade of the 1st Unit of the BAS Wastewater Treatment Facility |
- Projected reduction of pollution discharges in Dnieper River: - Ammonium nitrogen – by 157 tonnes per year; - Nitrates – by 4,400 tonnes per year; - Nitrites – by 2,100 tonnes per year; - Phosphates – by 256 tonnes per year. - Projected energy cost reduction is $176,000 (UAH 942,000) per year. - Reduction of fines imposed for pollution discharges by $14,000 (UAH 75,000) per year |
$61,121.5 (UAH 327 million) |
|
KVK-2 |
Improve Efficiency of the Organic Matter Removal Process and Energy Efficiency at the Bortnichi Aeration Station |
- Projected reduction of pollution discharges in Dnieper River: - Ammonium nitrogen – by 105 tonnes per year; - Nitrates – by 2,978 tonnes per year; - Nitrites – by 141 tonnes per year; - Phosphates – by 172 tonnes per year. - Projected energy cost reduction is $117,500 (UAH 628,280) per year. - Reduction of fines imposed for pollution discharges by $9,300 (UAH 50,000) per year |
$1,843.3 (UAH 9.86 million) |
|
KVK-3 |
Purchase Control Equipment to Control the Processes of Wastewater and Sludge Treatment at the BAS |
- Benefits identification underway |
$1,443.0 |
|
KVK-4 |
Introduce up-to-date Mechanical Treatment System at the Rake-type Treatment Units |
- Benefits identification underway |
$570 |
|
KVK-5 |
Introduce Energy Saving Technology at the BAS Right-Bank Pump Station |
- Projected energy cost reduction is $700,000 (assumed to be per year). |
$2,200 |
|
KVK-6 |
Construct New Sludge Delivery Line to Transport Sludge Line to Transport Sludge to the BAS Sludge Fields |
- Benefits identification underway |
$2,851 |
|
KVK-7 |
Construct New Technological Line for Sludge Treatment and Heat/Energy Recovery from Biogas generated at the BAS |
- Annual generation of biogas in the amount of 30 million m3 per year. Projected annual generation of electricity (8.0 MW/year) and heat (79,000 Gcal/year) will be sufficient to cover 40% of the Company demand for electricity, and fully meet its demand for heat energy. |
$22,506 |
|
KVK-8 |
Construct New Sludge Dewatering Facility at the BAS (mechanical dewatering process) |
- Benefits identification underway |
$6,789 |
|
TOTAL VALUE OF PROJECTS |
$99,323.8 |
||
Information Provided by: V.O.Yakolev, External Relations Department, KVK.
