Characterisation of Effluent discharges

5.2.2. Characterisation of Effluent discharges

Key factual data on contaminant concentrations in effluent discharges for 2000 are presented in Table В.2 (Annex В).  The range of scores reflecting the severity of associated environmental impact was designated as 0 to 6 (see the Methodology, Chapter 3):

0        no impact

1        minor impact

2        moderate impact

3        strong/large-scale impact

4        strong/severe impact

5        extremely severe impact

5.2.2.1. Oxygen Consuming and/or Depleting Substances

The highest values of BOD₅ (corresponding to a score of 5 and 4) were recorded at 4 sites.  The score of 5 in terms of this indicator was assigned to the ZapadMoloko Milk Company (Mlynov), where the level of BOD₅ was at 837.8 mg/l.  The BOD₅ values corresponding to a score of 4 were reported for effluent discharged by the following sites: Bereznovsky Water Utility “Kommunalnik” (235.1 mg/l), Belopolsk Machine-Building Plant (169.9 mg/l), and Seredino-Buda Water Utility (124.1 mg/l) (see Annex B, Table В.5).

Average BOD₅ values, corresponding to a score of 3 and 2, were reported for effluent discharged by 15 industries.  Of that, five industries (Kremenets Water Utility, Lanovtsy Water Utility, Military Base AO 981 at Tsibulevo, Konotop Water Utility, and Varva Water Utility) were assigned a score of 3 in terms of their values.  Maximum BOD₅ value (119.1 mg/l) was recorded for the Kremenets Water Utility, as opposed to a minimum value of 63 mg/l for Varva Water Utility. 10 sites (Zhitomyr Water Utility, Romny Water Utility, Mirgorod Prefabricated Reinforcement Plant, Kostopol Water Utility, Radekhov Water Utility, Alexandrovka Water Utility, Frunze Machine-Building Plant/Chemical Equipment Manufacture (Sumy), Radyvilov Vodokanal Water Utility, Konotop Municipal Utility, and Kapitanovka Road-Management Company ¹638 in the Kyiv-Svyatoshin District) were assigned a score of 2 in terms of their BOD₅ values.  Among them, maximum value (57.6 mg/l) was reported for Zhitomyr Water Utility, and Kapitanovka Road-Management Company ¹638 in the Kyiv-Svyatoshin District had the minimum value (35.7 mg/l) of BOD₅.

Low BOD₅ values were found to be characteristic for effluent discharged from the following 15 sites: Karlovka Machine-Building Plant, Lubny Municipal Utility Management Company, Sumy Experimental Research Station (Sad Village, Sumy District), Agro-Construction Company (Kozin Village, Obukhiv District), Lubny Felt Factory, Zarechensk Water Utility, Dubensk Water Utility, Tereshki Municipal Utility (Poltava District), Ekaterinovka Penitentiary ¹46, Rivne Nuclear Power Station (Kuznetsvsk), Reshetilovka Water Utility, Lubny Water Utility, Gozhulyansk Bio-Factory, Dnipropetrovsk Water Utility, and the Mashevsk Water Utility.  These sites were assigned a score of 1 in terms of their BOD₅ values, with the highest value (28.1 mg/l) reported for Karlovka Machine-Building Plant, as opposed to 15.4 mg/l at Mashevsk Water Utility.

The other 66 sites where the maximum BOD₅ values were below 14.2 mg/l, i.e. met the numeric criterion set for the 2.1a indicator (BOD₅ below 15.0 mg/l), and therefore were assigned a score of 0.

5.2.2.2. Total Suspended Solids (TSS)

Suspended solids affect water transparency and the rates of downstream transport of sediments.  Specific weighting factors were applied to account for the impact of suspended solids containing toxic organic compounds, heavy metals etc.

The highest levels of suspended solids were identified for the following sites: ZapadMoloko Milk Company in Mlynov (189.2 mg/l), Belopolsk Machine-Building Plant (139.1 mg/l), and Brovary Transportation Company ¹1063 (125.0 mg/l).  These sites were assigned a score of 4 (Annex B, Table В.5).

Medium levels of suspended solids (corresponding to scores of 3 and 2) were recorded for effluent discharges from 22 sites.  Of that, 4 sites were assigned a score of 3 in terms of suspended solid levels in their discharges: Brovary Transportation Company ¹2 (111.1 mg/l), Bereznovsk Water Utility “Kommunalnik” (109.3 mg/l), Kapitanovka Road-Management Company ¹638 in Kyiv-Svyatoshin District (98.2 mg/l), and Seredino-Budy Water Utility (73 mg/l).  The remaining sites (Zhitomyr Water Utility, Romny Water Utility, Konotop Water Utility, Frunze Machine-Building Plant/Chemical Equipment Manufacture (Sumy), Brovary “Metakon” Plant, Poltava Ore-Enrichment Plant, Radekhov District Municipal Utility, Globin Sugar Plant, ATP-13262 Transportation Company in Brovary, Korotchenko Mine of the “SelidovUgol” Coal-Mining Company in Selidovo, Lanovtsy Municipal Utility, Zarechensk Water Utility, Lubny Felt Factory, Gozhulyansk Bio-Factory, Kostopol Vodokanal Utility, Cherkasy Water Utility, Alexandrovka Municipal Utility, and Ekaterinovka Penitentiary ¹46) were assigned a score of 2 in terms of suspended solid levels in their discharges.  The Zhitomyr Water Utility had the highest level of suspended solids (59.3 mg/l), as opposed to 30.0 mg/l recorded for Ekaterinovka Penitentiary ¹46.

Low levels of suspended solids were recorded in effluent discharges from the following 10 sites: Karlovka Machine-Building Plant, Tereshki Municipal Utility in Poltava District, Military Base АО981 in Tsibulevo, Radivylov Vodokanal Utility, Theophipol Sugar Plant, unknown industry (no name mentioned in the Industry Reference Book), Reshetilovka Municipal Utility, Dubensk Water Utility, Rivne Nuclear Power Plant in Kuznetsovsk, and Mashevsky Municipal Utility.  These industries were assigned a score of 1 in terms of Indicator 2.3a.  The maximum concentration of suspended solids (29.5 mg/l) was recorded in discharges from Karlovka Machine-Building Plant, and Mashevsky Municipal Utility had the minimum level of suspended solids in its discharges (15.4 mg/l).

The remaining 65 sites, where the maximum levels of suspended solids did not exceed 14.8 mg/l (Lubny Water Utility), i.e. met the numerical criterion set for the Indicator 2.3a (suspended solid levels below 15.0 mg/l), were assigned a score of 0.

5.2.2.3. Total Dry Residue Content (TDR)

The highest values of dry residue content (corresponding to scores of 5 and 4) were recorded in effluent discharges from 34 sites.  Levels corresponding to a score of 5 for this indicator were reported for 26 sites, namely: Korotchenko Mine of the “SelidovUgol” Coal-Mining Company in Selidovo, Chelyuskintsy Mine of the “DonUgol” Coal-Mining Company in Donetsk, Novogradovka Mine #2, Abakumov Mine of the “DonetskUgol” Coal-Mining Company in Donetsk, “PavlogradUgol” Coal-Mining Company Water Utility in Pavlograd, Rossia Mine of the “SelidovUgol” Coal-Mining Company in Novogradovka, Kurakhovsky Mine of the “SelidovUgol” Coal-Mining Company in Gornyak, Pervomaisk “KhimProm” Chemical Plant, Kremenchug Pilot College, Lubny Municipal Utility, Karlovka Machine-Building Plant, Bandurovsky Quarry in Alexandria, Lubny Water Utility, Poltava Ore-Enrichment Plant, Mirgorod Water Utility, Krivy Rig TPP-2 in Zelenodolsk, Military Base АО981 in Tsibulevo, Mirgorod Prefabricated Reinforcement Plant, Tereshki Municipal Utility in Poltava District, Krivy Rig Steel Plant, Yuzhny Ore-Enrichment Plant In Krivy Rig, Reshetilovka Municipal Utility, Mashevsky Municipal Utility, Lubny Felt Plant, Belopolsk Machine-Building Plant, and Kherson Water Utility.  The maximum level of dry residue (5,030.5 g/l) was recorded in effluent discharges from Korotchenko Mine of the “SelidovUgol” Coal-Mining Company in Selidovo, as opposed to the minimum level (1,049.2 mg/l) at the Kherson Water Utility.  The remaining 8 industries (Alexandria Combined Heat Power Plant 1&2, Poltava Turbine Mechanical Plant, Gozhulyany Bio-Factory, Leninsky Komsomol Mine in Alexandria, Kremenchug Combined Heat Power Plant, Motovilovo Woodworking Company, Seredino-Budy Municipal Utility, and Poltava Railway Disinfection Station) were assigned a score of 4 in terms of dry residue levels in their effluents.  The maximum value of Indicator 2.4a (967 mg/l) was recorded for the Alexandria Combined Heat Power Plant 1&2, as opposed to the minimum value of 800.0 mg/l, recorded for the Poltava Railway Disinfection Station (Annex B, Table В.5).

Twelve (12) industries were found to have medium levels of dry residue content (corresponding to scores of 3 and 2) in their effluents.  The following four industries were assigned a score of 3: Krivy Rig Water Utility (731 mg/l); Nod-Vod Company in Grebenka (710.8 mg/l); Alexandrovka Municipal Utility (707.7 mg/l); and Morozovsky Quarry in Alexandria (704.2 mg/l).  The remaining eight industries (KhimProm Chemical Plant in Sumy; Romny Water Utility; Sumy Vodokanal Company; Lanovtsy Municipal Utility; Sumy Experimental Research Station in Sad; Radekhov District Municipal Utility, Kakhovka Vodokanal Company, and Globinsk Oil Factory) were assigned a score of 2 in terms of Indicator 2.4а.  The maximum value of dry residue content (689.2 mg/l) was recorded for the KhimProm Chemical Plant in Sumy, and Globinsk Oil Factory had the lowest level of dry residue (600.0 mg/l) in its effluents.

Low dry residue values were recorded in effluents discharged by the following 8 sites: Bakhmach Vodokanal Company, Zaporizhstal Metallurgical Plant, Theophipol Sugar Plant, Kapitanovka Road-Maintenance Company ¹638 in Kyiv-Svyatoshin District, Kremenets Municipal Utility, Konotop Municipal Utility, Stavishchansky Gas-Compressor Station in Boguslav District, and the Kremenchug Dairy Factory.  These sites were assigned a score of 1 in terms of Indicator 2.4а.  The maximum dry residue content (547.4 mg/l) was recorded for Bakhmach Vodokanal Company, while Stavishchansky Gas-Compressor Station in Boguslav District and Kremenchug Dairy Factory had the lowest value of dry residue content (500.0 mg/l) in their effluents.

The other 46 sites where the maximum values of dry residue content were not higher than 492.3 mg/l (for example, Kamensky Irrigation Company), i.e. met the numerical criterion set for Indicator 2.4а (dry residue content below 500.0 mg/l) were assigned a score of 0.

5.2.2.4. Ammonium Nitrogen (NH₄-N)

Seventeen (17) sites had the highest concentrations of ammonium nitrogen in their effluents (corresponding to scores of 5 and 4).  Thirteen (13) sites were assigned a score of 5 in terms of Indicator 2.6а, namely: Globinsk Sugar Plant, Lanovtsy Municipal Utility, Lubny Municipal Utility, Zarechensk Water Utility, Bereznovsk “Kommunalnik” Water Utility, Seredino-Budy Municipal Utility, Kapitanovka Road-Maintenance Unit #638 in Kyiv-Svyatoshin District, Belopolie Machine-Building Plant, Sumy Experimental Research Station in Sad, Varva Water Utility, Radivylov Vodokanal Company, Konotop Municipal Utility, and Karlovka Machine-Building Plant.  The Globinsk Sugar Plant had the highest concentration of ammonium nitrogen (46 mg/l) in its wastewater, and the minimum concentration was recorded in effluent discharges of Karlovka Machine-Building Plant (16.8 mg/l).  The following four industries were assigned a score of 4 in terms of ammonium nitrogen content in effluent discharges: Lubny Felt Factory (15.5 mg/l); Alexandrovka Municipal Utility (15.4 mg/l); Reshetilovka Municipal Utility (13.1 mg/l); and Konotop Municipal Utility (12.4 mg/l) (see Annex B, Table В.5).

Medium values of ammonium nitrogen content, corresponding to scores of 3 and 2, were recorded in effluent discharges from 17 sites.  The score of 3 was assigned to 10 sites: Military Base АО981 in Tsibulevo, Kostopol Vodokanal Company, Motovilovo Woodworking Factory, Rivne Nuclear Power Plant in Kuznetsovsk, Bakhmach Vodokanal Company, Chernigiv Vodokanal Company, Mashevsky Municipal Utility, Ekaterinovka Penitentiary #46, Romny Water Utility, and Zhitomyr Water Utility.  The maximum value of Indicator 2.6а was recorded at the Military Base АО981 in Tsibulevo (11.8 mg/l), whereas Zhitomyr Water Utility had the lowest level of ammonium nitrogen in its discharges (8.4 mg/l).  The remaining seven sites (Theophipol Sugar Plant, Radekhov District Municipal Utility, Znamenka Water Utility, Sumy Vodokanal Company, KhimProm Chemical Plant in Sumy, Dubny Vodokanal Company, and Kremenets Municipal Utility) were scored with 2 points.  The maximum concentration of ammonium nitrogen was recorded in effluents discharged by the Theophipol Sugar Plant (6.3 mg/l), and Kremenets Municipal Utility had the lowest value (4.1 mg/l) among the above sites.

Low values of ammonium nitrogen were recorded at the following 10 sites: KrivorozhStal Steel Plant in Krivy Rig, Lubny Water Utility, Dnipropetrovsk Water Utility, Klesov Granite Quarry RPZ-43, Zaporizhstal Metallurgical Plant, Korotchenko Mine of the “SelidovUgol” Coal-Mining Company in Selidovo, Tereshki Municipal Utility in Poltava District, Zaporizhzhia Vodokanal Company, Kyiv Vodokanal Company, and Sarnensk Water Utility.  These sites were scored with 1 point in terms of Indicator 2.6а, with a maximum value of ammonium nitrogen (3.8 mg/l) recorded in effluent discharged from the KrivorozhStal Steel Plant in Krivy Rig, as opposed to 2.2 mg/l at the Sarnensk Water Utility.

The other 56 industries where maximum concentrations of ammonium nitrogen did not exceed 2.0 mg/l were assigned a score of 0 in terms of Indicator 2.6а.

5.2.2.5. Nitrate Nitrogen (NO₃-N)

The highest concentrations of nitrate nitrogen (corresponding to scores of 5 and 4) were recorded at 10 sites.  The following three sites were assigned a score of 5: Svetlovodsk Water Utility (44 mg/l); “Volyn” Company/”UkrCement” Concern in Zdolbunov (35 mg/l); and Dniprodzerzhinsk Water Utility (32.7 mg/l).  Seven sites were assigned a score of 4 in terms of Indicator 2.7а values (Coca-Cola Beverage Ukraine Plant in Brovary District, Kamenka Irrigation Company, KrivorozhStal Steel Plant in Krivy Rig, Kherson Water Utility, ZapadMoloko Dairy Factory in Mlynov, Mashevsky Municipal Utility, and Krivy Rig Water Utility).  The maximum concentration of nitrate nitrogen was recorded at the Coca-Cola Beverage Ukraine Plant in Brovary District (29.6 mg/l), and the Krivy Rig Water Utility had the lowest concentration (25.6 mg/l) of nitrate nitrogen in its effluents (see Annex B, Table В.5).

Medium levels of nitrate nitrogen in discharged effluents (corresponding to scores of 3 and 2) were recorded at 9 sites.  The following sites were assigned a score of 3: “Svema” Plant in Shostka (22.2 mg/l), and Lubny Felt Factory (20.4 mg/l).  Another seven sites (Zaporizhzhia Vodokanal Company, Dnipropetrovsk Water Utility, Rivne Nuclear Power Plant in Kuznetsovsk, KhimProm Chemical Plant in Pervomaisk, Sumy Vodokanal Company, and Bakhmach Vodokanal Company) were assigned a score of 2.  In this group, Zaporizhzhia Vodokanal Company had the maximum concentration of nitrate nitrogen in its effluent (19 mg/l), as opposed to 15.1 mg/l in discharges from Bakhmach Vodokanal Company.

Low levels of nitrate nitrogen were recorded at the following 7 sites: Konotop Municipal Utility, Kozin Agro-Construction Company in Obukhiv District, Radekhov District Municipal Utility, Selishchansky Granite Quarry in Sarny District, Southern Pipe work Plant in Nikopol, Poltava Ore-Enrichment Plant, and Motovilovo Woodwork Factory. These sites were assigned a score of 1 in terms of Indicator 2.7а, with the highest concentration of nitrate nitrogen (14.6 mg/l) recorded in effluent discharges from Konotop Municipal utility, as opposed to a minimum level of 10.9 mg/l in discharges of Motovilovo Woodwork Factory.

The remaining 74 sites where the maximum concentration of nitrate nitrogen did not exceed 9.7 mg/l, i.e. met the limit of 10.0 mg/l set for Indicator 2.6а, were assigned a score of 0.

5.2.2.6. Oil Products

Medium levels of oil products were recorded in effluent discharges from three sites: ATP-1063 Transportation Company in Brovary (2.9 mg/l); Frunze Machine-Building Plant/Chemical Equipment Manufacture in Sumy (2.5 mg/l); and ATP-13262 Transportation Company in Brovary (2.1 mg/l).  According to the scoring range specified for Indicator 2.9а, these sites were assigned a score of 2 (see Annex B, Table В.5).

A low level of oil products in wastewater was recorded at the Motor-Transport Depot #2 in Brovary (1.7 mg/l), therefore this site received a score of 1.

The other 96 sites where the maximum concentrations of oil products in their effluents did not exceed 0.9 mg/l (i.e. below 1.0) were scored 0 points in terms of Indicator 2.9а.

5.2.2.7. Phenols

In the Ukrainian part of the Dnipro Basin, phenol concentrations in effluent discharges appear to be rather insignificant, with the maximum recorded level being about 0.005 mg/l (KrivorozhStal Steel Plant in Krivy Rig).  Therefore, all 100 sites received a score of 0 for Indicator 2.11а, according to the numerical criterion set in the scoring table (phenol concentrations below 0.01 mg/l) (see Annex B, Table В.5).

5.2.2.2.8. Heavy Metals

Eight metals of interest were included in the analysis: iron, copper, zinc, nickel, chromium, cadmium, lead, and mercury.  According to the national monitoring requirements, total metal content and concentrations of individual metals are measured in effluent discharges.  Adverse environmental impact of heavy metals has been examined with regard to water and soil quality. Being in dissolved state, metals are able to trigger toxic effects in the aquatic environment, and greatly affect drinking water sources. For all Hot Spots, individual concentrations of each of these heavy metals were examined as part of this exercise.

Iron (Fe)

Ten (10) industries were found to have the highest levels of iron in their effluents (corresponding to scores of 5 and 4).  The score of 5 was assigned to the following 8 sites: Korotchenko Mine of the “SelidovUgol” Coal-Mining Company in Selidovo, Klesovo Granite Quarry RPZ-43, Ekaterinovka Penitentiary ¹46, Konotop Municipal Utility, Kremenchug Pilot College, ATP 13262 Transportation Company in Brovary, Bereznovsk Municipal Utility “Kommunalnik”, and Yuzhny Pipework Plant in Nikopol.  The maximum iron concentration (36.8 mg/l) was recorded at the Korotchenko Mine of the “SelidovUgol” Coal-Mining Company in Selidovo, as compared to 1.6 mg/l at the Yuzhny Pipework Plant in Nikopol.  Effluent discharges from two sites (an unknown company not referred to in the Company Reference Guide, and Globinsky Sugar Plant) contained iron at 1.4 mg/l and 1.2 mg/l respectively, and were scored 4 points (see Annex B, Table В.5).

Medium values of iron concentrations (corresponding to scores of 3 and 2) were recorded at 9 sites.  A score of 3 was assigned to two sites: Lubny Municipal Utility (1.1 mg/l), and Stavishchansky Gas-Compressor Station in Boguslav District (1.0 mg/l).  Another seven sites (Karlovka Machine-Building Plant, Reshetilovka Municipal Utility, Kapitanovka Road-Maintenance Unit ¹638 in Kyiv-Svyatoshin District, Lubny Felt Factory, Kremenchug Confectionery, Seredino-Buda Municipal Utility, and Coca-Cola Beverage Ukraine Plant in Brovary) were assigned a score of 2.  In this group, the maximum iron concentration (0.9 mg/l) was recorded at Karlovka Machine-Building Plant, while the Coca-Cola Beverage Ukraine Plant in Brovary had the lowest content of iron in its effluent discharges (0.6 mg/l).

Low levels of iron were recorded at the following 24 sites: Varva Water Utility, Konotop Water Utility, Belopolie Machine-Building Plant, Romny Water Utility, Frunze Machine-Building Plant/Chemical Equipment Manufacture in Sumy, ZapadMoloko Dairy Factory in Mlynov, Kremenchug Dairy Factory, Lanovtsy Municipal Utility, Zaporizhstal Metallurgical Plant, Dnipropetrovsk Water Utility, KrivorozhStal Steel Plant in Krivy Rig, Kostopol Vodokanal Company, PavlogradUgol Coal-Mining Company/Water Utility, Rivne Nuclear Power Plant in Kuznetsovsk, Svetlovodsk Water Utility, Motovilovo Woodwork Factory, Yuzhny Ore-Enrichment Plant in Krivy Rig, Tereshki Municipal Utility in Poltava District, Sumy Experimental Research Station in Sad, Alexandrovka Municipal Utility, Gozhulyany Bio-Factory, Alexandria Water Utility, Kremenchug Combined Heat Power Plant, and the Mirgorod Prefabricated Reinforcement Plant.  These sites were assigned a score of 1 in terms of Indicator 2.14а. In this group, the maximum concentration of iron was recorded in effluent discharges from the Varva and Konotop Water Utilities (0.6 mg/l), while the Kremenchug Combined Heat Power Plant and Mirgorod Prefabricated Reinforcement Plant had the lowest level of iron in their discharges (0.3 mg/l).

The other 57 sites where the maximum levels of iron in their effluents were not higher than 0.03 mg/l were assigned a score of 0.

Copper (Cu)

The highest concentration of copper was recorded in effluent discharges of the Pervomaisk KhimProm Chemical Plant (0.14 mg/l), therefore this site was assigned a score of 5 (see Annex B, Table В.5).

Medium levels of copper content were recorded at two sites: Korotchenko Mine of the “SelidovUgol” Coal-Mining Company in Selidovo (0.1 mg/l), and the Kremenchug Combined Heat Power Plant (0.08 mg/l).  According to the numerical criteria set in the scoring table, the Korotchenko Mine was assigned a score of 3, and the Kremenchug CHPP received a score of 2.

The other 97 sites were found to have copper concentrations in their effluents below 0.04 mg/l, that is, they met the numerical criterion set for this indicator at below 0.05 mg/l, and were therefore assigned a score of 0.

Zinc (Zn)

The highest concentrations of zinc (corresponding to scores of 5 and 4) were recorded at 5 sites.  Four sites were assigned a score of 5, namely: Korotchenko Mine of the “SelidovUgol” Coal-Mining Company in Selidovo (1.1 mg/l), Ekaterinovka Penitentiary #46 (0.8 mg/l), Zarechensk Water Utility (0.12 mg/l), and Bereznovsk Water Utility “Kommunalnik” (0.11 mg/l).  The Kostopol Water Utility had a recorded zinc level of 0.09 mg/l and was assigned a score of 4 (see Annex B, Table В.5).

A medium level of zinc content was recorded at the Abakumov Mine of the “DonetskUgol” Coal-Mining Company (0.06 mg/l), and Rossia Mine of the “SelidovUgol” Coal-Mining Company in Novogrodovka (0.05 mg/l).  These sites were assigned a score of 2 for Indicator 2.16а.

The other 93 sites had zinc concentrations not higher than 0.029 mg/l (i.e. below 0.03 mg/l) and were assigned a score of 0 for Indicator 2.16а.

Nickel (Ni)

The highest concentrations of nickel were recorded at the Korotchenko Mine of the “SelidovUgol” Coal-Mining Company in Selidovo (0.24 mg/l) and Rossia Mine of the “SelidovUgol” Coal-Mining Company in Novogrodovka (0.14 mg/l).  These were assigned a score of 5 (see Annex B, Table В.5).

Medium levels of nickel concentrations (corresponding to scores of 3 and 2) were recorded at 6 sites.  Two sites were assigned a score of 2 in terms of nickel concentrations in their effluents: Chelyuskintsy Mine of the “DonUgol” Coal-Mining Company in Donetsk (0.065 mg/l) and Novogradovsky Mine #2 in Novogrodovka (0.057 mg/l).

Four sites were assigned a score of 1, namely: Dnipropetrovsk Water Utility (0.049 mg/l), Kurakhovsky Mine of the “SelidovUgol” Coal-Mining Company in Gornyak (0.040 mg/l), Abakumov Mine of the “DonetskUgol” Coal-Mining Company in Donetsk (0.040 mg/l), and the Zaporizhstal Metallurgical Plant (0.036 mg/l).

At the other 92 sites, nickel concentrations in their effluents did not exceed 0.018 mg/l.  According to the numerical criterion set for Indicator 2.17а (below 0.03 mg/l), these sites were assigned a score of 0.

Chromium (Cr)

In the Ukrainian part of the Dnipro Basin, chromium concentrations in effluent discharged from wastewater treatment facilities appears to be rather insignificant, with the maximum recorded level being below 0.03 mg/l (Chelyuskintsy Mine of the “DonUgol” Coal-Mining Company in Donetsk).  Therefore, all 100 sites received a score of 0 for Indicator 2.18а, according to the numerical criterion s