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Selection of the Hot Spots of the Highest Priority
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9.2. Selection of the Hot Spots of the Highest Priority
An analysis of the environmental state of the individual territories of the Dnipro River basin shows that only 5-10% of the total number of enterprises - pollutants result in
90% of the total pollution. It is obvious that the enterprises included in the list of the Hot Spots of highest priority are among them.
Smolensk Oblast. One of the primary environmental problems of the Smolensk Oblast is the pollution of water bodies with wastewater. In 2000, the discharge of wastewater into the natural water bodies of the Dnipro River basin made up 136.4 mln. m³. The share of insufficiently treated effleunt discharged from wastewater treatment facilities of Smolensk municipal vodokanal makes up 52.1 mln. m³ or 53% of the total volume.
That is why there was every reason to include Smolensk municipal vodokanal on the list of enterprises of high priority in order to apply there the methods of ”Hot Spots”.
Briansk Oblast. The enterprise of housing and communal services is the major pollutant of water bodies; in 2000, it generated 56.4 mln. m³ of wastewater (56.5% of the total volume of effleunt discharge all over the oblast). The main pollutants for transboundary water bodies in Briansk Oblast are the Inter-district engineering services of Briansk (the Desna River) and the Inter-district engineering services of the town of Novozybkov (the Iput River basin). These enterprises are also included in the list of Hot Spots of high priority.
Kursk Oblast. 147.0 mln.m³ or 99% of total volume of effleunt discharge to the surface water bodies of Kursk Oblast (148,8 mln.m³ in 2001) is discharged into the rivers of the Dnipro River basin. The main source of pollution of the major waterway of Kursk Oblast (the Seim River) is the municipal enterprise Kursk vodokanal (its discharge made up 35.6 mln.m³ of wastewater in 2001 or 25% of the total volume of effleunt discharged to the water bodies of the Dnipro River basin). This enterprise is also included in the list of Hot Spots of high priority.
Belgorodskaya Oblast. The situation in the basin of the Vorsklitsa River was analysed in order to be included in the list of the Hot Spots at the urgent request of Ukrainian party since the high concentration of phenols exceeding the level of maximum allowable concentration was constantly registered at the boundary section of the river between Russian Federation and Ukraine.
The major pollutants of the Vorsklitsa River are the agricultural enterprises and most of all cattle-breeding complexes and farms.
A considerable part of the pollution from cattle-breeding complexes enters the water bodies as surface runoff. The location of the summer pastures and cattle-pens on the river banks results in additional pollution of water bodies and especially in the period when the watering of cattle is carried out directly from the river.
Storage reservoirs and ponds located within the drainage area of the Vorsklitsa River and used actively for commercial fish-farming play an important role. Annually in the period of fishing more than 8 mln.m³ of normative-pure water (not treated) is discharged to the Vorsklitsa River from the storage reservoirs and ponds that also contributes to the pollution of water body.
In that way the National Experts identified 5 Hot Spots to be evaluated on Step 4 “Mitigation Measures”, in particular:
- Smolensk municipal vodokanal;
- Agricultural complex in the basin of the Vorsklitsa River, Belgorodskaya Oblast;
- Inter-district engineering services, town of Briansk;
- Kursk vodokanal;
- Inter-district engineering services, town of Novozybkov.
A description of the individual mitigation measures for each of the 5 above mentioned Hot Spots as well as a calculation of investment needs, a feasibility study and recommendations concerning the efficient use of capital investments at these enterprises are given below.
Summary scoring tables for the fifteen Hot Spots are given in Annex F (Tables F1 – F15). Numeration of the tables of the annex corresponds to the numeration of all the scoring sheets and summary tables.
