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Environmental Impact Assessment Content
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E. Environmental Impact Assessment Content
Scoping and environmental information for EIA is regulated by State construction regulations of Ukraine - DBN А.2.2-1-95. “Contents of materials of environmental impact assessment (EIA) when design and construction of enterprises, buildings and structures. Basic regulations of construction”
Environmental Impact Assessment is carried out taking into account the priority of environmental factors and their interaction with social and economic factors.
EIA materials should include the following subsections:
- grounds for EIA – substantiation of the need of the project, objectives and tasks of the project, stages of construction (succession, units of construction), terms of construction, basic technological solutions and methods of realization of these solutions;
- physiographic and climatic characteristics of the area and building site. This subsection should include cartographic materials, schemes, description of physiographic and climatic conditions, features of the relief, information about the presence of wildlife sanctuaries in the vicinity of the object of construction, generalized characteristics of flora and fauna;
- general characteristics of design objects and economic activity in the zone of impact. This subsection should include characteristics of the projected activity, alternatives of the location of the objects and technological processes, information about resources, output, area of the site, options of possible impact on all the components of natural environment, potential risk of accidents;
- characteristics of natural environment and environmental impact assessment. Here it is necessary to assess impact on the following components of environment:
- geological medium,
- air medium,
- microclimat,
- aqueous medium
- flora and fauna, wildlife sanctuaries.
It is necessary to consider only those components and objects of environment, which are exposed to projected activities as well as those, where current condition does not correspond to normative condition;
- characteristics of social environment and assessment of impact on social environment. This subsection should contain general social characteristics of local population resided in the areas of impact of projected activity and assessment of positive and negative impact on social conditions and satisfaction of needs of local population. The content should include substantiation of measures directed to the prevention of change for the worse the living conditions of local population, consideration of possible and advisable mitigation strategy, information about the opinion of general public about projected activity and the problems, which should be solved in this connection;
- assessment of impact of projected activity on technogenic environment. The contents of this subsection should cover the assessment of the expected impacts of the project on industrial, agricultural, communal objects, ground-based and underground structures, social organization of the territory, including recreational areas and landscapes, the objects of cultural heritage as well as the relevant measures aimed at ensuring of their serviceability and sustainability;
- measures to ensure normative state of environment and environmental safety. This subsection includes generalized data about the measures scheduled to ensure normative state of environment, which were considered in EIA process. It is necessary to present a list of the measures supplied with brief characteristics, including:
- conservatory measures – monitoring of the territory of zones of impact of the project, warning system;
- protective measures – technological (resource saving, treatment, reuse, environmentally safe burial of waste, application of environmentally sound and safe technologies); planning (functional zoning, creation of shields, planting of greenery, etc.);
- recovery measures – elimination of nonnormative impacts, enhancement of the state of individual components of environment (in case of need – the project of territory reclamation, it can be stage-by-stage or after liquidation of the object);
- compensation measures – compensation of spending connected with the loss caused by the project by means of realization of measures aimed at equivalent enhancement of natural and social environment or pecuniary compensation of the losses;
- integrated assessment of the impacts on the environment and characteristics of residual effect.
- Integrated assessment is carried out on the basis of assessments made by individual subsections subject to realization of the complex of measures scheduled to ensure normative state of environment. It includes identification of the degree of environmental risk of the project, presence and characteristics of residual effects and substantiation of their environmental permissibility when construction and exploitation of the objects;
- Environmental Impact Statement. This is the legal document about environmental implications of the project and guarantees of implementation of mitigation measures to ensure environmental safety.
