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1. GENERAL INFORMATION
The Russia’s Dnipro basin geoinformation database (DnepRos GISDB) and its shell comprise an information system, which is a part of Russia’s GISDB “Resources and Use of Water Bodies” – a software product containing information on the resources and use of water bodies located within the Russian Federation. The structure of the information system’s database allows for multi-year storage and completion of data. Together with modern cartographic information presentation technologies and the use of diagrams and graphs to present the information stored in the database, this provides for the capability of analysis, assessment, forecasting and control of the situation in river basins.
The database uses the following main sources of indicators:
- State water use registration system, which is a part of keeping Russia’s State Water Cadastre (SWC) and which has information on water use and surface and ground water discharge within Russia’s Dnipro basin;
- Information bulletins, analytical memorandums and water body condition information, projects that are parts of water objects monitoring programs developed by territorial units of the Ministry of Natural Resources, State Hydrometeorology Committee and Ministry of Health within the framework of the Network 1 and Network 2 projects by DnepRos nodes under contracts with IDRC;
- Information on waterworks by safety classes from the Russian Register of Waterworks (RRW).
1.1. The database (DB) has a logical structure consisting of the following main blocks of description objects and their characteristics:
1.1.1. Surface water objects within Russia’s Dnipro basin are represented by:
- Graphical images (lines representing rivers and polygons representing lakes, reservoir storages and other water bodies) of the background drainage network with density corresponding to the scales of 1:1,000,000 and 1:200,000 containing no characteristics in the DB;
- River networks for rivers with transboundary status and internal rivers used for affixment of objects of monitoring, anthropogenic load and other objects (lines representing rivers and polygons representing channel basins);
- Basins of transboundary rivers, including the Dnipro’s first- and second-order transboundary tributaries (polygons).
1.1.1.1. Information on the surface water bodies monitoring system:
- Spatial location and characteristics of monitoring stations;
- Affixment and characteristics of analytical laboratories;
- Affixment and characteristics of the developed elements of the transboundary monitoring system;
1.1.1.2. Resources of surface water objects at monitoring stations in accordance with Item 1.2.2: levels, flows, runoff volumes within calendar and characteristic time periods;
1.1.1.3. Quality indicators of surface water bodies at monitoring stations in accordance with Item 1.2.2:
- Concentrations of pollutants and/or their ratios to maximum permissible concentrations (MPCs) by ingredients;
- Water condition categories by integrated indicators (water pollution indices);
- Results of the Dnipro expedition within the Program as concerns quality parameters of transboundary water objects;
1.1.1.4. Information on the use of surface water within territories by basins and territories in accordance with Item 1.2.1 and years:
- Water extraction from surface water bodies;
- Water use by types of use;
- Discharge of waste water, extracted from surface and/or ground water bodies, into surface water bodies by pollution categories;
1.1.1.5. Indicators for high-hazard waterworks (WW) on surface water bodies, including affixment data and safety levels.
1.1.1.6. Hot points and surface water bodies risk zones assessment indicators;
1.1.1.7. Characteristics of channel processes, channel status, anthropogenic load on channels and river valleys:
- Channel-forming sediments (composition, slope processes, karst and erosive processes);
- Man-caused channel dynamics (river sections that are urbanized, banked, dredged, cut-off and regulated by low-pressure waterworks);
- The basin’s territories’ flooding time modes.
1.1.2. Protected natural territories (PNTs) are represented in the database by game reserves, natural monuments, reserves, and conservation areas of different status (federal, regional, local), type (landscape, biological, zoological, hydrological, botanical, etc.) and international classification categories.
Affixment is represented by polygons for large water bodies and territorially oriented PNTs affixed down to level of administrative rayons of oblasts.
For some water bodies, this information in supplemented with specific characteristics: location of monitoring stations, monitoring programs and results.
1.1.3. Political division is characterized by information about the borders of federation subjects and rayons and cities of different status from oblast centers down to centers of village districts.
1.1.4. The territory’s physico-geographic characteristic includes a characteristic of the basin’s natural, climatic and landscape conditions, the region’s meteorological conditions, water, land, mineral and forest resources. This block contains data on the anthropogenic load on the atmosphere, soils (including radioactive pollution indicators), etc.
1.1.5. The territory’s social-demographic and hygiene and sanitary situation is characterized by indicators of density of population, the population’s productive activity characteristics, specifics of social and demographic development, hygiene and sanitary situation and comprehensive public health assessment.
1.2. The shell of the geoinformation database supports the modes of receiving information on administrative and basin objects and their crossings (information nodes), thus ensuring the capability of supporting the solving of tasks of managing individual territories on the administrative-basin level.
The information system consists of the following functional elements:
- Navigation Subsystem – ensures the capability of selecting, displaying and saving cartographic images of the system’s information nodes in the Russia – Dnipro basin range;
- Dnipro Navigation Subsystem – ensures the capability of selecting, in response to enquiries, displaying and saving as maps, and if the Diagram Subsystem is used, as diagrams, detailed information on various subjects related to the Dnipro basin;
- Report Subsystem – ensures the capability of exporting information saved in the process of work of the above subsystems as the basis for quickly preparing Microsoft Word information documents.
The interface of the geoinformation database is based on Microsoft’s recommendations and is intuitively understandable for the user who knows how to use standard program products. The database’s subsystems are described in more detail, including recommendations for the user, in Section 2.
1.3. The program product was created in the Borland Delphi 6.0 programming environment (http://www.borland.com/). The beta version of the information system uses the Microsoft Access database management system (http://www.microsoft.com/) as an information database. Cartographic information is presented in SHAPE files created in the desktop cartography environment ArcView 3.2 and displayed by means of the cartographic object library MapObjects LT 2.0 (http://www.esri.com/).
1.4. System requirements to the computer to use the Resources and Use of Water Bodies geoinformation database:
- Windows 2000 operating system;
- Pentium III computer;
- At least 128 Mb random-access memory.
1.5. The geoinformation database provides the capability of exporting coordinated information to the International Environmental Database (IEDB). The detailed structure and description of exchange files and data transfer mechanism are presented in Section 3.
1.6. GISDB is the information basis of the DNEPROS web site (http://www.dnepros.ru/) created within the project freely accessible to a wide range of users. The system was tested at the nodes of a federal-level computer network and was examined and approved by IDRC and CIDA representatives (М. Lagola and R. Losian) on September 25 and 26, 2003.
Fragments of web pages, including those created within the IEDB Project of the UNDP-GEF Program are presented in Section 4.
1.7. The contract to develop GISDB envisaged the development of hardware and software at computer network nodes, because the database must be organized and function at a rather high system level. Information about the acquired hardware and software, their recipients, key data suppliers and database forming and use workshops that were conducted is presented in Section 5.
